OTY: The Revelation (4)C -Revelation Commentary
Revelation 1:8
(1) "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty."
1. The use of the phrase, "who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty" has led to a debate. Is God the Father or God the Son referred to in verse 8? In the parallel passages of Rev. 1:17; 21:6; 22:1, Christ is equated with Almighty God. Yet, the Father is consistently identified with the same titles. Trying to decide which member of the Godhead is identified in verse 8 is impossible. It is as if both members are speaking at the same time. This may be closer to the truth John intends. This prophecy stands as the unanimous consent of God the Father and God the Son.
Revelation 1:9
I, John, your brother and fellow partaker in the (1) tribulation and (2) kingdom and (3) perseverance {which are} in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos, because (4) of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.
1. Tribulation (thlipsis) = same Greek word used in the phrase "great tribulation" - Matt. 24:21; (John 16:33; Matt. 24:29; Acts 14:22; Rev. 2:22, 7:14.) Interestingly, the definite article is used. In other words, thetribulation is John’s focus. Not the great tribulation, but the tribulationthat is consistently connected with Jesus Christ (Col. 1:24).
2. Kingdom = the millennial kingdom spoken of in Revelation 20. See Luke 12:32, 22:29; 1 Thessalonians 2:12, 2 Thessalonians 1:5; James 2:5.
3. Perseverance (pierasmos) - putting to a test, ca. Rev. 3:10; 13:10; 14:11-12 (2:2-3). Perseverance is the true mark of a believer in the face of tribulation (Matt. 13:21). As Jesus persevered, we too follow Him.
4. Because of the Word of God and the testimony of Jesus = John explains the reason he came to be on the island of Patmos. See Revelation 1:2 above.
Revelation 1:10
I was (1) in the Spirit (2) on the Lord's day, and I heard behind me a (3) loud voice (4) like {the sound} of a trumpet,
1. In the Spirit = This phrase occurs four times in the Revelation (1:10; 4:2; 17:3; 21:10). This phrase "is an idiom that refers to the fact that John’s revelatory experience took place not "in the body" but rather "in the spirit," i.e., in a vision trance…" (Aune, Revelation 1-5, p. 83)
2. On the Lord’s day = Sunday
3. A loud voice = This noun phrase is used twenty-two times in Revelation and is compared to the blast of a trumpet, the sound of thunder, and sound of roaring water. In each case, a divine being or angelic being is delivering a significant message. Compare 1 Thessalonians 4:16.
4. Like a trumpet = is a figure of speech (simile). It is used to compare two things in a specific way. The voice and the blast of a trumpet are alike. The emphasis is on the loudness of the voice. Compare 1 Thessalonians 4:16.
Revelation 1:11
saying, (1) "Write in a book what you see, and send {it} to the seven churches: to Ephesus and to Smyrna and to Pergamum and to Thyatira and to Sardis and to Philadelphia and to Laodicea."
1. The loud voice instructs John to write what he sees in a book.
Revelation 1:12 – 13a
And I turned to see the voice that was speaking with me. And having turned I saw seven golden lampstands; and in the middle of the lampstands (1) one like a son of man,
1. One like a son of man = This phrase also appears in Daniel 7:13 and 10:16. The description that follows and that appears in Daniel 10:5-6 would suggest that the same person is represented—the Messiah.
The phrase "Son of Man" is Jesus’ favorite self-designation. All agree that it is taken from Daniel 7:13-14. However, there is little agreement concerning its precise meaning and significance. Like a son of man is unique to the book of Daniel in the Old Testament. The phrase Son of Man appears 80 plus times in the New Testament. In the gospel of John, Son of Man occurs 10 times. In John’s gospel, Morris indicates four plus issues of concern (Morris, The Gospel According to John, p. 172-173):
A. Jesus used the term because of its lack of political complications.
B. Jesus used the term because of its divinity overtones.
C. Jesus used the term because of its connections with a future kingdom.
D. Jesus used the term because of its human undertones.
Morris adds, "Here [in John’s Gospel] the term is always associated either with Christ’s heavenly glory or with the salvation He came to bring (Morris, John, p. 173)." As the go-between heaven and earth, Jesus is the unique one invested with authority. That John uses it to describe what he sees is important. John’s understanding of the term is informed by both Daniel 7:13-14 and the Lord’s usage while on earth. Jesus states in John 5:27, "and He [God the Father] gave Him [Jesus] authority to execute judgment, because He is [a] Son of Man." Luke 5:24 states, "But, so that you [Scribes and Pharisees] may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins…" The Son of Man is one with authority: (1) to forgive sins, or (2) to judge sins.
As a son of man (human), the Lord is clearly able to judge humanity. Any argument that God’s judgments are unfair because He cannot understand the impact of sin on man’s ability to chose righteousness is silenced. Christ became a man, experienced "every" aspect of sin, but sinned not. He is an experientially qualified judge.
Having heard the voice behind him, John turns and immediately designates the person speaking as one like a son of man. All that Scriptures indicates about this person is to inform our understanding at this point.
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